Electromagnetic energy at microwave frequencies generally propagate in a straight line. It direction changes when it traverses a medium of a different refractive index than the one it is in. Another factor that can divert its direction is when it is reflected or scattered when it impinges on an electrically smooth or rough surface.
When the transmitter and receiver antennas are at heights Ht and Hr above ground and separated by distance D, the signal received would be a resultant of the direct wave and reflected wave. Show and convince yourself that the differential distance between the reflected and direct wave is dependent on the heights of the antennas and the distance. Derive the relationship.
From the result, what would be the phase of the resultant electric field. Explain why the result is as such.
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